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 Physical Water Conditioning Technique
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water conditioning physical, magnetic lime scale treatment water surface tension reduction lime scale deposit prevention, hard water descaler

 H2O Water Quality

 H2O Water Quality and Substances

Environmental correct treatment of water, lime scale, ochre & corrosion 

The drinking water quality is determinated by the content of elementary substances in the water. The water quality and its properties can be very different from one area to another.

In practice the applications divide the supply water quality into two types:

  1. Drinking water
  2. Process water (including emulsions and waste water)

Drinking water

The demands to an excellent, pollution and bacterial free drinking water quality are life essential. In additional it requires a balance regarding the content of elementary mineral salts and a neutral pH value. Drinking water must not content bacterial, poisoning metals or chemicals, which are dangerous to the life of mankind, animals or the natural food chain of the products, which we consume.

Process water

The demands to the industrial process water depend on the application. The quality may be very different from drinking water like oil emulsions or chemical solutions. More important is the cleaning of industrial wastewater to avoid environmental polution and especialy contamination of drinking water resources.

The water contains elementary minerals to all life.

Without water there would be no life on earth. Water is the best emulator of elementary substances like magnesium, manganese and calcium, which determine the hardness of the water. Far the major percentage is calcium and absolute necessary to all life, but when it crystallise as lime scale,it also causes a daily irritating problem in most water installations.

Calcium, carbon and oxygen are present in all water and form the lime scale crystals.

Natural drinking water contains two different calcium crystal structures.

Calcium is a basic element. Its physical and chemical symbol is Ca and belongs to the group of metals. Just as water below the freezing point may crystallise into the two well known unlike binding forces and shapes: ice and snow, this also apply for the calcium crystal:

  1. Calcite - The solid crystal type, hard like ice and world wide called lime scale.
  2. Aragonite (Italian word for calcium) - The soft binding of crystals, loose like snow and without the force to form solid lime scale.

Photos of the two calcium crystal forms after water evaporating (magnified x 75):

Calcite

Aragonite

Electron-Microscope photos from The Laboratory of Technical Physics at the Danish technical University of the calcium structure. Left structure before, and right structure after the treatment.

Calcite and Aragonite are natural elements in subsoil ground water. At increased temperature the water release free CO2 (carbondioxyde), which form solid calcium crystals (limestone). Sufficient content of free CO2 in the water may dissolve lime scale deposits, but can by its aggressivety also cause corrosion in water supply systems!

How to prevent limestone in water without using chemicals? - The two physical methods:

Link to next page: The physical water & scale treatment technic.

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