This after-treatment is neccessary to compensation for energy losses caused by galvanic potentials in the pipelines and the influence of the magnetic AC current stray capacity in the circulation pump.

There is no demand to a minimum flow or flow direction. The installation may be horizontal or vertical.

To "lift and carry" a calcium molecule, the water require a flow speed of minimum 0,5 meter per second (prefered value 1 to 1,4 meter per second). However, this required speed is opposite porportional to the most common request for a minimum pressure loss across the plate heat exchanger! The contruction leaves no alternatives to this physical facts and dilemma.

1. Dimensioning the circulation pump capacity for a minimum of 0,5 meter per second speed in the plate heat exchanger. For most of the applications it is possible to meet this flow requirement.

2. Draining of impurities and dissolved lime scale deposits ans described below.

The more heavy impurities than calcium require even bigger flow for being transported out of the heat exchanger, which by the overall system construction is often not technically possible to realize.

Greater substances like pebbles in the supply water and free rust after dissolving of limestone in the pipelines, which can not pass between the plates and are sedimented in the inlet.

Impurities of sizes, which can fasten somewhere between the plates, causing turbulence flow and dead zones, subject to deposits (lime scale) and which can not be removed, but often is self-expanding.

The prevention of deposits by physical water treament - operation and service control.

Our physical water treatment will dissolve the lime scale deposits and free other inbedded inpurities, but can not dissolve them all (metals like iron and cupper). It is of greatest importance that these subsances are removed from the system and avoid their negative influences as described above and corrosion.

1.) Draining by recirculation flow.

This operation should only be performed after a draining of impurities in the circulating pipelines with the water flow in the normal operation direction and through an installed tap outlet short before the plate heat exchanger inlet. Subsequently cleaning the plate heat exchanger by recirculation of the flow.

Secure that the primary heating is turned off (this will automatically open temperature controled walves) and that all walves in the circulation is fully open.

2.) Draining with separate cold water pressure connection.

Connect the cold water supply to a separate inlet on the warm water outlet and use the same type of tap outlet connection on the plate heat exchanger inlet as described above for the draining of sedimented impurities. Secure that walves are installed, preventing the water from floating into the pipeline system.

3) General operation notes.

All drains must have free opening and fall towards earth. The pipe diameter shall have an inside dimension, which allows all deposals and impurities to pass into the draining pipeline.

As the flow speed is of major importance to remove dissolved deposits and impurities, the condition of the system must secure that any flow obstruction is prevented. Sludge in filters, deposits on valves and regulations are common obstructions, which will cause hard water lime scale build-up, independent on the perfect functioning physical treatment units.

Dissolved lime scale deposits increase the water hardness and must be removed. Partly this is done by regular consumption, but in heavy clogged pipelines the dissolving of deposits will contantly increase the inner diameter and consequently the amount of soluted calcium in the water. This will require additional draining until all the limestone is dissolved and removed.

Insufficient heat transfer and pressure loss is an allways indication of too high concentration of unwanted substances in the plate heat exchanger and the time for draining.

4) Special applications

Some plate heat exchangers are constructed with an additional and separate inlet for the circulation connection. In this types the circulaion flow is mostly limited only to pass in 30% to 50% of the total number of the warm water supplying plates.

Using this connection together with physical water treatment is not reccommended, as full treatment of the plate heat exchanger is only provided by consumtion.

For full treatment remove the circulation to the cold water inlet after a contra valve.

If the treatment unit is installed on pipelines with tempearture above 65 degree C the maximum capacity in liters per second must be deducted 0,3% less capacity per degree C from 20 C to the operating temperature, due to the radiation curve change for all magnets with increasing temparature.

Fully sealed mineature plate heat exchangers for single houses are often installed without a circulation circuit. In hard water area it is recommended to implement a circulation with a treatment unit accros such and regulary drain impurities by fully opening of the warm water taps untill clean water appear.